Removal of Cd and Pb in Calcareous Soils by Using Na2EDTA Recycling Washing          下载免费PDF全文

Shujuan Zhang  Zhihui Yang  Baolin Wu  Yangyang Wang  Ruiping Wu  Yingping Liao 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2014,42(5):641-647

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营口地区数值预报降水产品定量检验和预报指标研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张晶  姚文  何晓东  吴福杰  赵晓川  王东 《气象与环境学报》2014,30(1):30-35

选取2010年8月至2011年7月天气在线、日本传真图、美国全球预报系统（以下简称GFS）、以及T639等数值预报降水预报产品,采用统计学方法和天气学方法,按照预报时效、预报降水量级、影响系统等不同方面对营口地区的降水预报产品进行检验分析,以便更好的利用数值产品做好降水预报,提高营口地区的降水预报准确率。结果表明：从整体角度看各种数值预报产品预报准确率随时间变化逐渐降低,但天气在线和GFS预报效果相对较好且稳定,日本传真图次之,T639稳定性最差;各种数值预报产品均存在预报偏小的情况,特别是对暴雨的预报效果均不太理想,稳定性差、量级偏小;小雨量级降水空报和漏报明显;各种数值预报产品对高空槽和冷涡漏报情况较明显,主要为小雨量级。  相似文献   

丹东冬季降水相态判据研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

高松影  李慧琳  宋丽丽  赵婷婷  徐璐璐 《气象与环境学报》2014,30(2):38-44

利用丹东1979-2012年10月至翌年4月逐日降水、天气现象、高空探空资料及NCEP0.5°×0.5°（部分2.5°×2.5°）再分析资料,对丹东地区冬季不同相态降水气候及大气层结特征进行了统计分析, 并对不同相态降水典型个例进行了分析。结果表明：丹东地区虽地处北方,但冬季降水相态多样。在秋冬、冬春过渡和严冬不同时段,大气不同层结不同相态降水气温阈值范围不同,建立了丹东冬季不同大气层结降水相态判据。大气不同层结前期特别是近地面层气温背景与不同相态降水的发生与转换关系密切,可为动态预报降水相态提供了参考。850 hPa及以下中低空温度条件对冬季降水相态形成至关重要,850 hPa的0℃线能较好区分雨和雪区大致范围,925 hPa的0 ℃线能较好区分雨夹雪和雪以及雨夹雪和雨大致范围。  相似文献   

GPS遥感大气可降水量在大连地区3次降水过程中的应用     

程航  程相坤  朱晶  李鸿强  刘晓初 《气象与环境学报》2014,30(5):38-48

利用大连市气象局地基GPS/MET观测网大气可降水量（PWV）数据,分析2011年大连瓦房店、庄河和长海地区降水天气过程PWV的变化特征及其与降水量和降水强度的关系,在此基础上通过分析物理量场和天气系统,探讨大尺度水汽输送、辐合与PWV变化的关系及GPS在暴雨天气中的应用。结果表明：PWV的增长方式受当地天气系统的支配和制约,对一次明显的降水过程,从开始至结束PWV的变化与降水量有明显的相关性。当有水汽由南向北输送时,PWV在降水开始前逐渐增长,当地面及高空有大范围的水汽辐合且高空比湿值大于10 g·kg^-1时,PWV显著增长（降水开始前4-5 h）,主要降水时段与PWV峰值相对应,同时PWV的增幅大小与降水强度有明显的关系。  相似文献   

辽宁农村代表区域降水离子组成及与气态污染物相关性          下载免费PDF全文

刘厚凤  汪凯庆 《气象与环境学报》2011,27(2):62-68

对辽宁农村代表区域站点辽中县马龙村观测站2007年2月至2008年1月酸雨、气态污染物浓度观测资料进行了分析。结果表明：辽中观测站降水的化学组成阴离子主要为SO₄^2-和NO₃^-,阳离子主要是NH^₄+和Ca₂⁺, SO^₄2-/ NO₃^-比值为2.9, Na⁺/Cl^-比值较大,大于1。各种离子浓度冬春季高,夏秋季较低,表明研究区域降水酸化与污染关系不显著。实测的9种主要阴离子、阳离子总浓度比（∑阴离子/∑阳离子）与降水pH值相关性不高,表明目前酸雨研究观测的主要9种阴阳离子不能完全包括降水中的离子组成。降水酸性与近地面污染气体浓度相关各异,pH与NO_x、CO、NO₂和O₃浓度有比较明显的负相关,与SO₂浓度负相关不明显;降水pH值与颗粒物等碱性污染物浓度正相关明显。降水中主要致酸离子SO₄^2-和NO₃^-的浓度与相应酸性气体污染物SO2和NOx近地面浓度的相关不明显。  相似文献   

利用液态磷渣制备乳浊玻璃     

舒杼  周俊  王焰新  卢学实 《地球科学》2009,34(6):1019-1024

为实现炼磷排放的高温液态磷渣的热能、物质的同步回收利用, 并消除其环境污染问题, 通过现场试验, 以高温液态磷渣为主要原料, 直接与16.5%的石英粉和8.5%的高岭土热配合, 再经1450℃熔炼、浇铸成型和850℃乳化热处理, 制得了乳浊玻璃板材.磷渣乳浊玻璃的抗折强度为43.68MPa, 耐酸性为0.51%, 耐碱性为0.04%, 能满足建筑装饰材料的质量要求.ESEM、XRD和EDS分析结果共同表明, 母玻璃的乳浊机理在于主体玻璃中析出了富Ca元素的粒径为0.1~0.4μm的非晶质球形颗粒.由于高温液态磷渣掺量高达75%, 改性剂掺量低且成本低廉, 生产线易于配置, 本研究具有较高的工业化生产可行性、较佳的经济效益和应用前景.   相似文献   

Variability of the spatial structure of intense Mediterranean precipitation     

A. Berne  G. Delrieu  B. Boudevillain 《Advances in water resources》2009

Intense Mediterranean precipitation can generate devastating flash floods. A better understanding of the spatial structure of intense rainfall is critical to better identify catchments that will produce strong hydrological responses. We focus on two intense Mediterranean rain events of different types that occured in 2002. Radar and rain gauge measurements are combined to have a data set with a high spatial (1 × 1 km²) and temporal (5 min) resolution. Two thresholds are determined using the quantiles of the rain rate values, corresponding to the precipitating system at large and to the intense rain cells. A method based on indicator variograms associated with the thresholds is proposed in order to automatically quantify the spatial structure at each time step during the entire rain events. Therefore, its variability within intense rain events can be investigated. The spatial structure is found to be homogeneous over periods that can be related to the dynamics of the events. Moreover, a decreasing time resolution (i.e., increasing accumulation period) of the rain rate data will stretch the spatial structure because of the advection of rain cells by the wind. These quantitative characteristics of the spatial structure of intense Mediterranean rainfall will be useful to improve our understanding of the dynamics of flash floods.  相似文献   

A cluster-optimizing regression-based approach for precipitation spatial downscaling in mountainous terrain     

Huade Guan  John L. Wilson  Hongjie Xie 《Journal of Hydrology》2009,375(3-4):578-588

Precipitation temporal and spatial variability often controls terrestrial hydrological processes and states. Common remote-sensing and modeling precipitation products have a spatial resolution that is often too coarse to reveal hydrologically important spatial variability. A statistical algorithm was developed for downscaling low-resolution spatial precipitation fields. This algorithm auto-searches precipitation spatial structures (rain-pixel clusters), and orographic effects on precipitation distribution without prior knowledge of atmospheric setting. It is composed of three components: rain-pixel clustering, multivariate regression, and random cascade. The only required input data for the downscaling algorithm are coarse-pixel precipitation map and a topographic map. The algorithm was demonstrated with 4 km × 4 km Next Generation Radar (NEXRAD) precipitation fields, and tested by downscaling NEXRAD-aggregated 16 km × 16 km precipitation fields to 4 km × 4 km pixel precipitation, which was then compared to the original NEXRAD data. The demonstration and testing were performed at both daily and hourly temporal resolutions for the northern New Mexico mountainous terrain and the central Texas Hill Country. The algorithm downscaled daily precipitation fields are in good agreement with the original 4 km × 4 km NEXRAD precipitation, as measured by precipitation spatial structures and the statistics between the downscaling and the original NEXRAD precipitation maps. For three daily precipitation events, downscaled precipitation map reproduces precipitation variance of the disaggregation field, and with Pearson correlation coefficients between the downscaled map and the NEXRAD map of 0.65, 0.71, and 0.80. The algorithm does not perform as well on downscaling hourly precipitation fields at the examined scale range (from 16 km to 4 km), which underestimates precipitation variance of the disaggregation field. For a scale range from 4 km to 1 km, the algorithm has potential to perform well at both daily and hourly precipitation fields, indicated from good regression performance.  相似文献   

Drought characteristics of Henan province in 1961-2013 based on Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index     

Benlin Shi  Xinyu Zhu  Yunchuan Hu  Yanyan Yang 《地理学报(英文版)》2017,27(3):311-325

Drought is one of the most complex natural hazards affecting agriculture, water resources, natural ecosystems, and society. The negative societal consequences of drought include severe economic losses, famine, epidemics, and land degradation. However, few studies have analyzed the complexity of drought characteristics, both at multiple time scales and with variations in evapotranspiration. In this study, drought occurrences were quantified using a new drought index, the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), based on observed data of monthly mean temperature and precipitation from 1961 to 2013 in Henan province, central China. Based on the SPEI values of each weather station in the study, the frequency and severity of meteorological droughts were computed, and the monthly, seasonal, and annual drought frequency and intensity over a 53-year period were analyzed. The spatial and temporal evolution, intensity, and the primary causes of drought occurrence in Henan were revealed. The results showed that the SPEI values effectively reflected the spatial and temporal pattern of drought occurrence. As the time scale decreased, the amplitude of the SPEI increased and droughts became more frequent. Since 1961, drought has occurred at the annual, seasonal, and monthly scales, and the occurrence of drought has increased. However, regional distribution has been uneven. The highest drought frequency, 35%, was observed in the Zhoukou region, while the lowest value, ~26%, was measured in central and western Henan. The most severe droughts occurred in the spring and summer, followed by autumn. Annually, wide-ranging droughts occurred in 1966–1968, 1998–2000, and 2011–2013. The drought intensity showed higher values in north and west Henan, and lower values in its east and south. The maximum drought intensity value was recorded in Anyang, and the minimum occurred in Zhumadian, at 22.18% and 16.60%, respectively. The factors with the greatest influence on drought occurrence are increasing temperatures, the Eurasian atmospheric circulation patterns, and the El Niño effect.  相似文献   

华南地区5月降水的水汽特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

于波  林永辉  陈菊英  乔林  翟亮  冯立成 《气候与环境研究》2014,19(4):507-514

利用国家气候中心的降水资料及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、NOAA海温资料分析了华南地区5月降水的主要水汽通道及变异机制。发现异常多雨年的水汽主要来自南海、孟加拉湾和青藏高原南侧;异常少雨年则因西太平洋副热带高压(简称副高)偏东,来自南海的水汽缺失,只有来自孟加拉湾和高原南侧的两股水汽,因而南海的水汽是影响华南地区5月降水的重要因素。分析发现当北太平洋的准东西向海温异常是"负正负"分布时,南海地区为异常的反气旋性环流,有利于副高西伸加强;北太平洋海温距平为"正负正"异常分布时,南海地区为异常的气旋性环流,副高东退减弱。此外,北方南下冷空气的阻挡使得季风北界位置偏南,冷空气和季风在华南地区交汇导致5月降水异常增多。  相似文献